From Linux Man Pages
fetchmail - fetch mail from a POP, IMAP, ETRN, or ODMR-capable server
SYNOPSIS
fetchmail [option...] [mailserver...]
fetchmailconf
DESCRIPTION
fetchmail is a mail-retrieval and forwarding utility; it fetches mail from remote mailservers and forwards it to
your local (client) machine's delivery system. You can then handle the retrieved mail using normal mail user
agents such as mutt(1), elm(1) or Mail(1). The fetchmail utility can be run in a daemon mode to repeatedly poll
one or more systems at a specified interval.
The fetchmail program can gather mail from servers supporting any of the common mail-retrieval protocols: POP2
(legacy, to be removed from future release), POP3, IMAP2bis, IMAP4, and IMAP4rev1. It can also use the ESMTP
ETRN extension and ODMR. (The RFCs describing all these protocols are listed at the end of this manual page.)
While fetchmail is primarily intended to be used over on-demand TCP/IP links (such as SLIP or PPP connections),
it may also be useful as a message transfer agent for sites which refuse for security reasons to permit (sender-
initiated) SMTP transactions with sendmail.
If fetchmail is used with a POP or an IMAP server, it has two fundamental modes of operation for each user
account from which it retrieves mail: singledrop- and multidrop-mode. In singledrop-mode, fetchmail assumes that
all messages in the user's account are intended for a single recipient. An individual mail message will not be
inspected for recipient information, rather, the identity of the recipient will either default to the local user
currently executing fetchmail, or else will need to be explicitly specified in the configuration file. Single-
drop-mode is used when the fetchmailrc configuration contains at most a single local user specification for a
given server account.
With multidrop-mode, fetchmail is not able to assume that there is only a single recipient, but rather that the
mail server account actually contains mail intended for any number of different recipients. Therefore, fetchmail
must attempt to deduce the proper "envelope recipient" from the mail headers of each message. In this mode of
operation, fetchmail almost resembles an MTA, however it is important to note that neither the POP nor IMAP pro-
tocols were intended for use in this fashion, and hence envelope information is often not directly available.
Instead, fetchmail must resort to a process of informed guess-work in an attempt to discover the true envelope
recipient of a message, unless the ISP stores the envelope information in some header (not all do). Even if this
information is present in the headers, the process can be error-prone and is dependent upon the specific mail
server used for mail retrieval. Multidrop-mode is used when more than one local user is specified for a particu-
lar server account in the configuration file. Note that the forgoing discussion of singledrop- and multidrop-
modes does not apply to the ESMTP ETRN or ODMR retrieval methods, since they are based upon the SMTP protocol
which specifically provides the envelope recipient to fetchmail.
As each message is retrieved, fetchmail normally delivers it via SMTP to port 25 on the machine it is running on
(localhost), just as though it were being passed in over a normal TCP/IP link. fetchmail provides the SMTP
server with an envelope recipient derived in the manner described previously. The mail will then be delivered
locally via your system's MDA (Mail Delivery Agent, usually sendmail(8) but your system may use a different one
such as smail, mmdf, exim, postfix, or qmail). All the delivery-control mechanisms (such as .forward files) nor-
mally available through your system MDA and local delivery agents will therefore work automatically.
If no port 25 listener is available, but your fetchmail configuration was told about a reliable local MDA, it
will use that MDA for local delivery instead.
If the program fetchmailconf is available, it will assist you in setting up and editing a fetchmailrc configura-
tion. It runs under the X window system and requires that the language Python and the Tk toolkit be present on
your system. If you are first setting up fetchmail for single-user mode, it is recommended that you use Novice
mode. Expert mode provides complete control of fetchmail configuration, including the multidrop features. In
either case, the 'Autoprobe' button will tell you the most capable protocol a given mailserver supports, and warn
you of potential problems with that server.
GENERAL OPERATION
The behavior of fetchmail is controlled by command-line options and a run control file, ~/.fetchmailrc, the syn-
tax of which we describe in a later section (this file is what the fetchmailconf program edits). Command-line
options override ~/.fetchmailrc declarations.
Each server name that you specify following the options on the command line will be queried. If you don't spec-
ify any servers on the command line, each 'poll' entry in your ~/.fetchmailrc file will be queried.
To facilitate the use of fetchmail in scripts and pipelines, it returns an appropriate exit code upon termination
-- see EXIT CODES below.
The following options modify the behavior of fetchmail. It is seldom necessary to specify any of these once you
have a working .fetchmailrc file set up.
Almost all options have a corresponding keyword which can be used to declare them in a .fetchmailrc file.
Some special options are not covered here, but are documented instead in sections on AUTHENTICATION and DAEMON
MODE which follow.
General Options
-V | --version
Displays the version information for your copy of fetchmail. No mail fetch is performed. Instead, for
each server specified, all the option information that would be computed if fetchmail were connecting to
that server is displayed. Any non-printables in passwords or other string names are shown as backslashed
C-like escape sequences. This option is useful for verifying that your options are set the way you want
them.
-c | --check
Return a status code to indicate whether there is mail waiting, without actually fetching or deleting mail
(see EXIT CODES below). This option turns off daemon mode (in which it would be useless). It doesn't
play well with queries to multiple sites, and doesn't work with ETRN or ODMR. It will return a false pos-
itive if you leave read but undeleted mail in your server mailbox and your fetch protocol can't tell kept
messages from new ones. This means it will work with IMAP, not work with POP2, and may occasionally flake
out under POP3.
-s | --silent
Silent mode. Suppresses all progress/status messages that are normally echoed to standard output during a
fetch (but does not suppress actual error messages). The --verbose option overrides this.
-v | --verbose
Verbose mode. All control messages passed between fetchmail and the mailserver are echoed to stdout.
Overrides --silent. Doubling this option (-v -v) causes extra diagnostic information to be printed.
Disposal Options
-a | --all | (since v6.3.3) --fetchall
(Keyword: fetchall, since v3.0) Retrieve both old (seen) and new messages from the mailserver. The
default is to fetch only messages the server has not marked seen. Under POP3, this option also forces the
use of RETR rather than TOP. Note that POP2 retrieval behaves as though --all is always on (see RETRIEVAL
FAILURE MODES below) and this option does not work with ETRN or ODMR. While the -a and --all command-line
and fetchall rcfile options have been supported for a long time, the --fetchall command-line option was
added in v6.3.3.
-k | --keep
(Keyword: keep) Keep retrieved messages on the remote mailserver. Normally, messages are deleted from the
folder on the mailserver after they have been retrieved. Specifying the keep option causes retrieved mes-
sages to remain in your folder on the mailserver. This option does not work with ETRN or ODMR. If used
with POP3, it is recommended to also specify the --uidl option or uidl keyword.
-K | --nokeep
(Keyword: nokeep) Delete retrieved messages from the remote mailserver. This option forces retrieved mail
to be deleted. It may be useful if you have specified a default of keep in your .fetchmailrc. This
option is forced on with ETRN and ODMR.
-F | --flush
POP3/IMAP only. This is a dangerous option and can cause mail loss when used improperly. It deletes old
(seen) messages from the mailserver before retrieving new messages. Warning: This can cause mail loss if
you check your mail with other clients than fetchmail, and cause fetchmail to delete a message it had
never fetched before. It can also cause mail loss if the mail server marks the message seen after
retrieval (IMAP2 servers). You should probably not use this option in your configuration file. If you use
it with POP3, you must use the 'uidl' option. What you probably want is the default setting: if you don't
specify '-k', then fetchmail will automatically delete messages after successful delivery.
--limitflush
POP3/IMAP only, since version 6.3.0. Delete oversized messages from the mailserver before retrieving new
messages. The size limit should be separately specified with the --limit option. This option does not
work with ETRN or ODMR.
Protocol and Query Options
-p <proto> | --proto <proto> | --protocol <proto>
(Keyword: proto[col]) Specify the protocol to use when communicating with the remote mailserver. If no
protocol is specified, the default is AUTO. proto may be one of the following:
AUTO Tries IMAP, POP3, and POP2 (skipping any of these for which support has not been compiled in).
POP2 Post Office Protocol 2 (legacy, to be removed from future release)
POP3 Post Office Protocol 3
APOP Use POP3 with old-fashioned MD5-challenge authentication.
RPOP Use POP3 with RPOP authentication.
KPOP Use POP3 with Kerberos V4 authentication on port 1109.
SDPS Use POP3 with Demon Internet's SDPS extensions.
IMAP IMAP2bis, IMAP4, or IMAP4rev1 (fetchmail automatically detects their capabilities).
ETRN Use the ESMTP ETRN option.
ODMR Use the the On-Demand Mail Relay ESMTP profile.
All these alternatives work in basically the same way (communicating with standard server daemons to fetch mail
already delivered to a mailbox on the server) except ETRN and ODMR. The ETRN mode allows you to ask a compliant
ESMTP server (such as BSD sendmail at release 8.8.0 or higher) to immediately open a sender-SMTP connection to
your client machine and begin forwarding any items addressed to your client machine in the server's queue of
undelivered mail. The ODMR mode requires an ODMR-capable server and works similarly to ETRN, except that it
does not require the client machine to have a static DNS.
-U | --uidl
(Keyword: uidl) Force UIDL use (effective only with POP3). Force client-side tracking of 'newness' of
messages (UIDL stands for "unique ID listing" and is described in RFC1939). Use with 'keep' to use a
mailbox as a baby news drop for a group of users. The fact that seen messages are skipped is logged,
unless error logging is done through syslog while running in daemon mode. Note that fetchmail may auto-
matically enable this option depending on upstream server capabilities. Note also that this option may be
removed and forced enabled in a future fetchmail version. See also: --idfile.
--idle (since 6.3.3)
(Keyword: idle, since before 6.0.0) Enable IDLE use (effective only with IMAP). Note that this works with
only one folder at a given time. While the idle rcfile keyword had been supported for a long time, the
--idle command-line option was added in version 6.3.3. IDLE use means that fetchmail tells the IMAP server
to send notice of new messages, so they can be retrieved sooner than would be possible with regular polls.
-P <portnumber> | --service <servicename>
(Keyword: service) Since version 6.3.0. The service option permits you to specify a service name to con-
nect to. You can specify a decimal port number here, if your services database lacks the required ser-
vice-port assignments. See the FAQ item R12 and the --ssl documentation for details. This replaces the
older --port option.
--port <portnumber>
(Keyword: port) Obsolete version of --service that does not take service names. Note: this option may be
removed from a future version.
--principal <principal>
(Keyword: principal) The principal option permits you to specify a service principal for mutual authenti-
cation. This is applicable to POP3 or IMAP with Kerberos authentication.
-t <seconds> | --timeout <seconds>
(Keyword: timeout) The timeout option allows you to set a server-nonresponse timeout in seconds. If a
mailserver does not send a greeting message or respond to commands for the given number of seconds, fetch-
mail will hang up on it. Without such a timeout fetchmail might hang up indefinitely trying to fetch mail
from a down host. This would be particularly annoying for a fetchmail running in background. There is a
default timeout which fetchmail -V will report. If a given connection receives too many timeouts in suc-
cession, fetchmail will consider it wedged and stop retrying, the calling user will be notified by email
if this happens.
--plugin <command>
(Keyword: plugin) The plugin option allows you to use an external program to establish the TCP connection.
This is useful if you want to use socks, SSL, ssh, or need some special firewalling setup. The program
will be looked up in $PATH and can optionally be passed the hostname and port as arguments using "%h" and
"%p" respectively (note that the interpolation logic is rather primitive, and these token must be bounded
by whitespace or beginning of string or end of string). Fetchmail will write to the plugin's stdin and
read from the plugin's stdout.
--plugout <command>
(Keyword: plugout) Identical to the plugin option above, but this one is used for the SMTP connections
(which will probably not need it, so it has been separated from plugin).
-r <name> | --folder <name>
(Keyword: folder[s]) Causes a specified non-default mail folder on the mailserver (or comma-separated list
of folders) to be retrieved. The syntax of the folder name is server-dependent. This option is not
available under POP3, ETRN, or ODMR.
--tracepolls
(Keyword: tracepolls) Tell fetchmail to poll trace information in the form 'polling %s account %s' and
'folder %s' to the Received line it generates, where the %s parts are replaced by the user's remote name,
the poll label, and the folder (mailbox) where available (the Received header also normally includes the
server's true name). This can be used to facilitate mail filtering based on the account it is being
received from. The folder information is written only since version 6.3.4.
--ssl (Keyword: ssl) Causes the connection to the mail server to be encrypted via SSL. Connect to the server
using the specified base protocol over a connection secured by SSL. SSL support must be present at the
server.
Note that fetchmail may still try to negotiate TLS even if this option is not given. You can use the
--sslproto option to defeat this behavior or tell fetchmail to negotiate a particular SSL protocol.
If no port is specified, the connection is attempted to the well known port of the SSL version of the base
protocol. This is generally a different port than the port used by the base protocol. For IMAP, this is
port 143 for the clear protocol and port 993 for the SSL secured protocol, for POP3, it is port 110 for
the clear text and port 995 for the encrypted variant.
If your system lacks the corresponding entries from /etc/services, see the --service option and specify
the numeric port number as given in the previous paragraph (unless your ISP had directed you to different
ports, which is uncommon however).
--sslcert <name>
(Keyword: sslcert) Specifies the file name of the client side public SSL certificate. Some SSL encrypted
servers may require client side keys and certificates for authentication. In most cases, this is
optional. This specifies the location of the public key certificate to be presented to the server at the
time the SSL session is established. It is not required (but may be provided) if the server does not
require it. Some servers may require it, some servers may request it but not require it, and some servers
may not request it at all. It may be the same file as the private key (combined key and certificate file)
but this is not recommended.
NOTE: If you use client authentication, the user name is fetched from the certificate's CommonName and
overrides the name set with --user.
--sslkey <name>
(Keyword: sslkey) Specifies the file name of the client side private SSL key. Some SSL encrypted servers
may require client side keys and certificates for authentication. In most cases, this is optional. This
specifies the location of the private key used to sign transactions with the server at the time the SSL
session is established. It is not required (but may be provided) if the server does not require it. Some
servers may require it, some servers may request it but not require it, and some servers may not request
it at all. It may be the same file as the public key (combined key and certificate file) but this is not
recommended. If a password is required to unlock the key, it will be prompted for at the time just prior
to establishing the session to the server. This can cause some complications in daemon mode.
--sslproto <name>
(Keyword: sslproto) Forces an SSL or TLS protocol. Possible values are 'SSL2', 'SSL3', 'SSL23', and
'TLS1'. Try this if the default handshake does not work for your server. To defeat automatic TLSv1 negoti-
ation when the server advertises STARTTLS or STLS, use ''' or ''SSL23'. This option, even if the argument is
the empty string, will also suppress the diagnostic 'SERVER: opportunistic upgrade to TLS.' message in
verbose mode. The default is to try appropriate protocols depending on context.
--sslcertck
(Keyword: sslcertck) Causes fetchmail to strictly check the server certificate against a set of local
trusted certificates (see the sslcertpath option). If the server certificate is not signed by one of the
trusted ones (directly or indirectly), the SSL connection will fail, regardless of the sslfingerprint
option. This checking should prevent man-in-the-middle attacks against the SSL connection. Note that CRLs
are seemingly not currently supported by OpenSSL in certificate verification! Your system clock should be
reasonably accurate when using this option.
Note that this optional behavior may become default behavior in future fetchmail versions.
--sslcertpath <directory>
(Keyword: sslcertpath) Sets the directory fetchmail uses to look up local certificates. The default is
your OpenSSL default one. The directory must be hashed as OpenSSL expects it - every time you add or mod-
ify a certificate in the directory, you need to use the c_rehash tool (which comes with OpenSSL in the
tools/ subdirectory).
--sslfingerprint <fingerprint>
(Keyword: sslfingerprint) Specify the fingerprint of the server key (an MD5 hash of the key) in hexadeci-
mal notation with colons separating groups of two digits. The letter hex digits must be in upper case.
This is the default format OpenSSL uses, and the one fetchmail uses to report the fingerprint when an SSL
connection is established. When this is specified, fetchmail will compare the server key fingerprint with
the given one, and the connection will fail if they do not match regardless of the sslcertck setting.
This can be used to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, but the finger print from the server needs to be
obtained or verified over a secure channel, and certainly not over the same Internet connection that
fetchmail would use.
Using this option will prevent printing certificate verification errors as long as --sslcertck is unset.
To obtain the fingerprint of a certificate stored in the file cert.pem, try:
openssl x509 -in cert.pem -noout -md5 -fingerprint
For details, see x509(1ssl).
Delivery Control Options
-S <hosts> | --smtphost <hosts>
(Keyword: smtp[host]) Specify a hunt list of hosts to forward mail to (one or more hostnames, comma-sepa-
rated). Hosts are tried in list order; the first one that is up becomes the forwarding target for the cur-
rent run. If this option is not specified, 'localhost' is used as the default. Each hostname may have a
port number following the host name. The port number is separated from the host name by a slash; the
default port is "smtp". If you specify an absolute path name (beginning with a /), it will be interpreted
as the name of a UNIX socket accepting LMTP connections (such as is supported by the Cyrus IMAP daemon)
Example:
--smtphost server1,server2/2525,server3,/var/imap/socket/lmtp
This option can be used with ODMR, and will make fetchmail a relay between the ODMR server and SMTP or
LMTP receiver.
--fetchdomains <hosts>
(Keyword: fetchdomains) In ETRN or ODMR mode, this option specifies the list of domains the server should
ship mail for once the connection is turned around. The default is the FQDN of the machine running fetch-
mail.
-D <domain> | --smtpaddress <domain>
(Keyword: smtpaddress) Specify the domain to be appended to addresses in RCPT TO lines shipped to SMTP.
When this is not specified, the name of the SMTP server (as specified by --smtphost) is used for SMTP/LMTP
and 'localhost' is used for UNIX socket/BSMTP.
--smtpname <user@domain>
(Keyword: smtpname) Specify the domain and user to be put in RCPT TO lines shipped to SMTP. The default
user is the current local user.
-Z <nnn> | --antispam <nnn[, nnn]...>
(Keyword: antispam) Specifies the list of numeric SMTP errors that are to be interpreted as a spam-block
response from the listener. A value of -1 disables this option. For the command-line option, the list
values should be comma-separated.
-m <command> | --mda <command>
(Keyword: mda) You can force mail to be passed to an MDA directly (rather than forwarded to port 25) with
the --mda or -m option. To avoid losing mail, use this option only with MDAs like maildrop or MTAs like
sendmail that return a nonzero status on disk-full and other resource-exhaustion errors; the nonzero sta-
tus tells fetchmail that delivery failed and prevents the message from being deleted off the server. If
fetchmail is running as root, it sets its user id to that of the target user while delivering mail through
an MDA. Some possible MDAs are "/usr/sbin/sendmail -i -f %F -- %T" (Note: some several older or vendor
sendmail versions mistake -- for an address, rather than an indicator to mark the end of the option argu-
ments), "/usr/bin/deliver" and "/usr/bin/maildrop -d %T". Local delivery addresses will be inserted into
the MDA command wherever you place a %T; the mail message's From address will be inserted where you place
an %F. DO NOT ENCLOSE THE %F OR %T STRING IN SINGLE QUOTES! For both %T and %F, fetchmail encloses the
addresses in single quotes ('), after removing any single quotes they may contain, before the MDA command
is passed to the shell. Do NOT use an MDA invocation like "sendmail -i -t" that dispatches on the con-
tents of To/Cc/Bcc, it will create mail loops and bring the just wrath of many postmasters down upon your
head. Also, do not try to combine multidrop mode with an MDA such as maildrop that can only accept one
address; you will lose mail.
A word of warning: the well-known procmail(1) package is very hard to configure properly, it has a very
nasty "fall through to the next rule" behavior on delivery errors (even temporary ones, such as out of
disk space if another user's mail daemon copies the mailbox around to purge old messages), so your mail
will end up in the wrong mailbox sooner or later. The proper procmail configuration is outside the scope
of this document though. Using maildrop(1) is usually much easier, and many users find the filter syntax
used by maildrop easier to understand.
--lmtp (Keyword: lmtp) Cause delivery via LMTP (Local Mail Transfer Protocol). A service host and port must be
explicitly specified on each host in the smtphost hunt list (see above) if this option is selected; the
default port 25 will (in accordance with RFC 2033) not be accepted.
--bsmtp <filename>
(keyword: bsmtp) Append fetched mail to a BSMTP file. This simply contains the SMTP commands that would
normally be generated by fetchmail when passing mail to an SMTP listener daemon. An argument of '-'
causes the mail to be written to standard output. Note that fetchmail's reconstruction of MAIL FROM and
RCPT TO lines is not guaranteed correct; the caveats discussed under THE USE AND ABUSE OF MULTIDROP MAIL-
BOXES below apply.
Resource Limit Control Options
-l <maxbytes> | --limit <maxbytes>
(Keyword: limit) Takes a maximum octet size argument. Messages larger than this size will not be fetched
and will be left on the server (in foreground sessions, the progress messages will note that they are
"oversized"). If the fetch protocol permits (in particular, under IMAP or POP3 without the fetchall
option) the message will not be marked seen.
An explicit --limit of 0 overrides any limits set in your run control file. This option is intended for
those needing to strictly control fetch time due to expensive and variable phone rates.
Combined with --limitflush, it can be used to delete oversized messages waiting on a server. In daemon
mode, oversize notifications are mailed to the calling user (see the --warnings option). This option does
not work with ETRN or ODMR.
-w <interval> | --warnings <interval>
(Keyword: warnings) Takes an interval in seconds. When you call fetchmail with a 'limit' option in daemon
mode, this controls the interval at which warnings about oversized messages are mailed to the calling user
(or the user specified by the 'postmaster' option). One such notification is always mailed at the end of
the the first poll that the oversized message is detected. Thereafter, re-notification is suppressed
until after the warning interval elapses (it will take place at the end of the first following poll).
-b <count> | --batchlimit <count>
(Keyword: batchlimit) Specify the maximum number of messages that will be shipped to an SMTP listener
before the connection is deliberately torn down and rebuilt (defaults to 0, meaning no limit). An
explicit --batchlimit of 0 overrides any limits set in your run control file. While sendmail(8) normally
initiates delivery of a message immediately after receiving the message terminator, some SMTP listeners
are not so prompt. MTAs like smail(8) may wait till the delivery socket is shut down to deliver. This
may produce annoying delays when fetchmail is processing very large batches. Setting the batch limit to
some nonzero size will prevent these delays. This option does not work with ETRN or ODMR.
-B <number> | --fetchlimit <number>
(Keyword: fetchlimit) Limit the number of messages accepted from a given server in a single poll. By
default there is no limit. An explicit --fetchlimit of 0 overrides any limits set in your run control
file. This option does not work with ETRN or ODMR.
--fetchsizelimit <number>
(Keyword: fetchsizelimit) Limit the number of sizes of messages accepted from a given server in a single
transaction. This option is useful in reducing the delay in downloading the first mail when there are too
many mails in the mailbox. By default, the limit is 100. If set to 0, sizes of all messages are down-
loaded at the start. This option does not work with ETRN or ODMR. For POP3, the only valid non-zero
value is 1.
--fastuidl <number>
(Keyword: fastuidl) Do a binary instead of linear search for the first unseen UID. Binary search avoids
downloading the UIDs of all mails. This saves time (especially in daemon mode) where downloading the same
set of UIDs in each poll is a waste of bandwidth. The number 'n' indicates how rarely a linear search
should be done. In daemon mode, linear search is used once followed by binary searches in 'n-1' polls if
'n' is greater than 1; binary search is always used if 'n' is 1; linear search is always used if 'n' is 0.
In non-daemon mode, binary search is used if 'n' is 1; otherwise linear search is used. The default value
of 'n' is 4. This option works with POP3 only.
-e <count> | --expunge <count>
(keyword: expunge) Arrange for deletions to be made final after a given number of messages. Under POP2 or
POP3, fetchmail cannot make deletions final without sending QUIT and ending the session -- with this
option on, fetchmail will break a long mail retrieval session into multiple sub-sessions, sending QUIT
after each sub-session. This is a good defense against line drops on POP3 servers. Under IMAP, fetchmail
normally issues an EXPUNGE command after each deletion in order to force the deletion to be done immedi-
ately. This is safest when your connection to the server is flaky and expensive, as it avoids resending
duplicate mail after a line hit. However, on large mailboxes the overhead of re-indexing after every mes-
sage can slam the server pretty hard, so if your connection is reliable it is good to do expunges less
frequently. Also note that some servers enforce a delay of a few seconds after each quit, so fetchmail
may not be able to get back in immediately after an expunge -- you may see "lock busy" errors if this hap-
pens. If you specify this option to an integer N, it tells fetchmail to only issue expunges on every Nth
delete. An argument of zero suppresses expunges entirely (so no expunges at all will be done until the
end of run). This option does not work with ETRN or ODMR.
Authentication Options
-u <name> | --user <name> | --username <name>
(Keyword: user[name]) Specifies the user identification to be used when logging in to the mailserver. The
appropriate user identification is both server and user-dependent. The default is your login name on the
client machine that is running fetchmail. See USER AUTHENTICATION below for a complete description.
-I <specification> | --interface <specification>
(Keyword: interface) Require that a specific interface device be up and have a specific local or remote
IPv4 (IPv6 is not supported by this option yet) address (or range) before polling. Frequently fetchmail
is used over a transient point-to-point TCP/IP link established directly to a mailserver via SLIP or PPP.
That is a relatively secure channel. But when other TCP/IP routes to the mailserver exist (e.g. when the
link is connected to an alternate ISP), your username and password may be vulnerable to snooping (espe-
cially when daemon mode automatically polls for mail, shipping a clear password over the net at pre-
dictable intervals). The --interface option may be used to prevent this. When the specified link is not
up or is not connected to a matching IP address, polling will be skipped. The format is:
interface/iii.iii.iii.iii[/mmm.mmm.mmm.mmm]
The field before the first slash is the interface name (i.e. sl0, ppp0 etc.). The field before the second
slash is the acceptable IP address. The field after the second slash is a mask which specifies a range of
IP addresses to accept. If no mask is present 255.255.255.255 is assumed (i.e. an exact match). This
option is currently only supported under Linux and FreeBSD. Please see the monitor section for below for
FreeBSD specific information.
Note that this option may be removed from a future fetchmail version.
-M <interface> | --monitor <interface>
(Keyword: monitor) Daemon mode can cause transient links which are automatically taken down after a period
of inactivity (e.g. PPP links) to remain up indefinitely. This option identifies a system TCP/IP inter-
face to be monitored for activity. After each poll interval, if the link is up but no other activity has
occurred on the link, then the poll will be skipped. However, when fetchmail is woken up by a signal, the
monitor check is skipped and the poll goes through unconditionally. This option is currently only sup-
ported under Linux and FreeBSD. For the monitor and interface options to work for non root users under
FreeBSD, the fetchmail binary must be installed SGID kmem. This would be a security hole, but fetchmail
runs with the effective GID set to that of the kmem group only when interface data is being collected.
Note that this option may be removed from a future fetchmail version.
--auth <type>
(Keyword: auth[enticate]) This option permits you to specify an authentication type (see USER AUTHENTICA-
TION below for details). The possible values are any, password, kerberos_v5, kerberos (or, for excruciat-
ing exactness, kerberos_v4), gssapi, cram-md5, otp, ntlm, msn (only for POP3), external (only IMAP) and
ssh. When any (the default) is specified, fetchmail tries first methods that don't require a password
(EXTERNAL, GSSAPI, KERBEROS IV, KERBEROS 5); then it looks for methods that mask your password (CRAM-MD5,
X-OTP - note that NTLM and MSN are not autoprobed for POP3 and MSN is only supported for POP3); and only
if the server doesn't support any of those will it ship your password en clair. Other values may be used
to force various authentication methods (ssh suppresses authentication and is thus useful for IMAP
PREAUTH). (external suppresses authentication and is thus useful for IMAP EXTERNAL). Any value other
than password, cram-md5, ntlm, msn or otp suppresses fetchmail's normal inquiry for a password. Specify
ssh when you are using an end-to-end secure connection such as an ssh tunnel; specify external when you
use TLS with client authentication and specify gssapi or kerberos_v4 if you are using a protocol variant
that employs GSSAPI or K4. Choosing KPOP protocol automatically selects Kerberos authentication. This
option does not work with ETRN.
Miscellaneous Options
-f <pathname> | --fetchmailrc <pathname>
Specify a non-default name for the ~/.fetchmailrc run control file. The pathname argument must be either
"-" (a single dash, meaning to read the configuration from standard input) or a filename. Unless the
--version option is also on, a named file argument must have permissions no more open than 0600
(u=rw,g=,o=) or else be /dev/null.
-i <pathname> | --idfile <pathname>
(Keyword: idfile) Specify an alternate name for the .fetchids file used to save POP3 UIDs. NOTE: since
fetchmail 6.3.0, write access to the directory containing the idfile is required, as fetchmail writes a
temporary file and renames it into the place of the real idfile only if the temporary file has been writ-
ten successfully. This avoids the truncation of idfiles when running out of disk space.
--pidfile <pathname>
(Keyword: pidfile; since fetchmail v6.3.4) Override the default location of the PID file. Default: see
"ENVIRONMENT" below.
-n | --norewrite
(Keyword: no rewrite) Normally, fetchmail edits RFC-822 address headers (To, From, Cc, Bcc, and Reply-To)
in fetched mail so that any mail IDs local to the server are expanded to full addresses (@ and the
mailserver hostname are appended). This enables replies on the client to get addressed correctly (other-
wise your mailer might think they should be addressed to local users on the client machine!). This option
disables the rewrite. (This option is provided to pacify people who are paranoid about having an MTA edit
mail headers and want to know they can prevent it, but it is generally not a good idea to actually turn
off rewrite.) When using ETRN or ODMR, the rewrite option is ineffective.
-E <line> | --envelope <line>
(Keyword: envelope; Multidrop only)
In the configuration file, an enhanced syntax is used:
envelope [<count>] <line>
This option changes the header fetchmail assumes will carry a copy of the mail's envelope address. Nor-
mally this is 'X-Envelope-To', but as this header is not standard, practice varies. See the discussion of
multidrop address handling below. As a special case, 'envelope "Received"' enables parsing of sendmail-
style Received lines. This is the default, and it should not be necessary unless you have globally dis-
abled Received parsing with 'no envelope' in the .fetchmailrc file.
The optional count argument (only available in the configuration file) determines how many header lines of
this kind are skipped. A count of 1 means: skip the first, take the second. A count of 2 means: skip the
first and second, take the third, and so on.
-Q <prefix> | --qvirtual <prefix>
(Keyword: qvirtual; Multidrop only) The string prefix assigned to this option will be removed from the
user name found in the header specified with the envelope option (before doing multidrop name mapping or
localdomain checking, if either is applicable). This option is useful if you are using fetchmail to col-
lect the mail for an entire domain and your ISP (or your mail redirection provider) is using qmail. One
of the basic features of qmail is the
'Delivered-To:'
message header. Whenever qmail delivers a message to a local mailbox it puts the username and hostname of
the envelope recipient on this line. The major reason for this is to prevent mail loops. To set up qmail
to batch mail for a disconnected site the ISP-mailhost will have normally put that site in its 'Virtual-
hosts' control file so it will add a prefix to all mail addresses for this site. This results in mail sent
to 'username@userhost.userdom.dom.com' having a 'Delivered-To:' line of the form:
Delivered-To: mbox-userstr-username@userhost.example.com
The ISP can make the 'mbox-userstr-' prefix anything they choose but a string matching the user host name
is likely. By using the option 'envelope Delivered-To:' you can make fetchmail reliably identify the
original envelope recipient, but you have to strip the 'mbox-userstr-' prefix to deliver to the correct
user. This is what this option is for.
--configdump
Parse the ~/.fetchmailrc file, interpret any command-line options specified, and dump a configuration
report to standard output. The configuration report is a data structure assignment in the language
Python. This option is meant to be used with an interactive ~/.fetchmailrc editor like fetchmailconf,
written in Python.
Removed Options
-T | --netsec
Removed before version 6.3.0, the required underlying inet6_apps library had been discontinued and is no
longer available.
USER AUTHENTICATION AND ENCRYPTION
All modes except ETRN require authentication of the client to the server. Normal user authentication in fetch-
mail is very much like the authentication mechanism of ftp(1). The correct user-id and password depend upon the
underlying security system at the mailserver.
If the mailserver is a Unix machine on which you have an ordinary user account, your regular login name and pass-
word are used with fetchmail. If you use the same login name on both the server and the client machines, you
needn't worry about specifying a user-id with the -u option -- the default behavior is to use your login name on
the client machine as the user-id on the server machine. If you use a different login name on the server
machine, specify that login name with the -u option. e.g. if your login name is 'jsmith' on a machine named
'mailgrunt', you would start fetchmail as follows:
fetchmail -u jsmith mailgrunt
The default behavior of fetchmail is to prompt you for your mailserver password before the connection is estab-
lished. This is the safest way to use fetchmail and ensures that your password will not be compromised. You may
also specify your password in your ~/.fetchmailrc file. This is convenient when using fetchmail in daemon mode
or with scripts.
Using netrc files
If you do not specify a password, and fetchmail cannot extract one from your ~/.fetchmailrc file, it will look
for a ~/.netrc file in your home directory before requesting one interactively; if an entry matching the
mailserver is found in that file, the password will be used. Fetchmail first looks for a match on poll name; if
it finds none, it checks for a match on via name. See the ftp(1) man page for details of the syntax of the
~/.netrc file. To show a practical example, a .netrc might look like this:
machine hermes.example.org
login joe
password topsecret
You can repeat this block with different user information if you need to provide more than one password.
This feature may allow you to avoid duplicating password information in more than one file.
On mailservers that do not provide ordinary user accounts, your user-id and password are usually assigned by the
server administrator when you apply for a mailbox on the server. Contact your server administrator if you don't
know the correct user-id and password for your mailbox account.
POP3 VARIANTS
Early versions of POP3 (RFC1081, RFC1225) supported a crude form of independent authentication using the rhosts
file on the mailserver side. Under this RPOP variant, a fixed per-user ID equivalent to a password was sent in
clear over a link to a reserved port, with the command RPOP rather than PASS to alert the server that it should
do special checking. RPOP is supported by fetchmail (you can specify 'protocol RPOP' to have the program send
'RPOP' rather than 'PASS') but its use is strongly discouraged, and support will be removed from a future fetch-
mail version. This facility was vulnerable to spoofing and was withdrawn in RFC1460.
RFC1460 introduced APOP authentication. In this variant of POP3, you register an APOP password on your server
host (the program to do this with on the server is probably called popauth(8)). You put the same password in
your ~/.fetchmailrc file. Each time fetchmail logs in, it sends a cryptographically secure hash of your password
and the server greeting time to the server, which can verify it by checking its authorization database.
RETR or TOP
fetchmail makes some efforts to make the server believe messages had not been retrieved, by using the TOP command
with a large number of lines when possible. TOP is a command that retrieves the full header and a fetchmail-
specified amount of body lines. It is optional and therefore not implemented by all servers, and some are known
to implement it improperly. On many servers however, the RETR command which retrieves the full message with
header and body, sets the "seen" flag (for instance, in a web interface), whereas the TOP command does not do
that.
fetchmail will always use the RETR command if "fetchall" is set. fetchmail will also use the RETR command if
"keep" is set and "uidl" is unset. Finally, fetchmail will use the RETR command on Maillennium POP3/PROXY
servers (used by Comcast) to avoid a deliberate TOP misinterpretation in this server that causes message corrup-
tion.
In all other cases, fetchmail will use the TOP command. This implies that in "keep" setups, "uidl" must be set if
"TOP" is desired.
Note that this description is true for the current version of fetchmail, but the behavior may change in future
versions. In particular, fetchmail may prefer the RETR command because the TOP command causes much grief on some
servers and is only optional.
ALTERNATE AUTHENTICATION FORMS
If your fetchmail was built with Kerberos support and you specify Kerberos authentication (either with --auth or
the .fetchmailrc option authenticate kerberos_v4) it will try to get a Kerberos ticket from the mailserver at the
start of each query. Note: if either the pollname or via name is 'hesiod', fetchmail will try to use Hesiod to
look up the mailserver.
If you use POP3 or IMAP with GSSAPI authentication, fetchmail will expect the server to have RFC1731- or
RFC1734-conforming GSSAPI capability, and will use it. Currently this has only been tested over Kerberos V, so
you're expected to already have a ticket-granting ticket. You may pass a username different from your principal
name using the standard --user command or by the .fetchmailrc option user.
If your IMAP daemon returns the PREAUTH response in its greeting line, fetchmail will notice this and skip the
normal authentication step. This can be useful, e.g. if you start imapd explicitly using ssh. In this case you
can declare the authentication value 'ssh' on that site entry to stop .fetchmail from asking you for a password
when it starts up.
If you use client authentication with TLS1 and your IMAP daemon returns the AUTH=EXTERNAL response, fetchmail
will notice this and will use the authentication shortcut and will not send the passphrase. In this case you can
declare the authentication value 'external'
on that site to stop fetchmail from asking you for a password when it starts up.
If you are using POP3, and the server issues a one-time-password challenge conforming to RFC1938, fetchmail will
use your password as a pass phrase to generate the required response. This avoids sending secrets over the net
unencrypted.
Compuserve's RPA authentication (similar to APOP) is supported. If you compile in the support, fetchmail will try
to perform an RPA pass-phrase authentication instead of sending over the password en clair if it detects "@com-
puserve.com" in the hostname.
If you are using IMAP, Microsoft's NTLM authentication (used by Microsoft Exchange) is supported. If you compile
in the support, fetchmail will try to perform an NTLM authentication (instead of sending over the password en
clair) whenever the server returns AUTH=NTLM in its capability response. Specify a user option value that looks
like 'user@domain': the part to the left of the @ will be passed as the username and the part to the right as the
NTLM domain.
Secure Socket Layers (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
You can access SSL encrypted services by specifying the --ssl option. You can also do this using the "ssl" user
option in the .fetchmailrc file. With SSL encryption enabled, queries are initiated over a connection after
negotiating an SSL session. Some services, such as POP3 and IMAP, have different well known ports defined for
the SSL encrypted services. The encrypted ports will be selected automatically when SSL is enabled and no
explicit port is specified.
When connecting to an SSL encrypted server, the server presents a certificate to the client for validation. The
certificate is checked to verify that the common name in the certificate matches the name of the server being
contacted and that the effective and expiration dates in the certificate indicate that it is currently valid. If
any of these checks fail, a warning message is printed, but the connection continues. The server certificate
does not need to be signed by any specific Certifying Authority and may be a "self-signed" certificate.
Some SSL encrypted servers may request a client side certificate. A client side public SSL certificate and pri-
vate SSL key may be specified. If requested by the server, the client certificate is sent to the server for val-
idation. Some servers may require a valid client certificate and may refuse connections if a certificate is not
provided or if the certificate is not valid. Some servers may require client side certificates be signed by a
recognized Certifying Authority. The format for the key files and the certificate files is that required by the
underlying SSL libraries (OpenSSL in the general case).
A word of care about the use of SSL: While above mentioned setup with self-signed server certificates retrieved
over the wires can protect you from a passive eavesdropper it doesn't help against an active attacker. It's
clearly an improvement over sending the passwords in clear but you should be aware that a man-in-the-middle
attack is trivially possible (in particular with tools such as dsniff, http://monkey.org/~dugsong/dsniff/). Use
of an ssh tunnel (see below for some examples) is preferable if you care seriously about the security of your
mailbox.
ESMTP AUTH
fetchmail also supports authentication to the ESMTP server on the client side according to RFC 2554. You can
specify a name/password pair to be used with the keywords 'esmtpname' and 'esmtppassword'; the former defaults to
the username of the calling user.
DAEMON MODE
Introducing the daemon mode
In daemon mode, fetchmail puts itself into the background and runs forever, querying each specified host and then
sleeping for a given polling interval.
Starting the daemon mode
There are several ways to make fetchmail work in daemon mode. On the command line, --daemon <interval> or
-d <interval> option runs fetchmail in daemon mode. You must specify a numeric argument which is a polling
interval in seconds.
Example: simply invoking
fetchmail -d 900
will, therefore, poll all the hosts described in your ~/.fetchmailrc file (except those explicitly excluded with
the 'skip' verb) once every 15 minutes.
It is also possible to set a polling interval in your ~/.fetchmailrc file by saying 'set daemon <interval>',
where <interval> is an integer number of seconds. If you do this, fetchmail will always start in daemon mode
unless you override it with the command-line option --daemon 0 or -d0.
Only one daemon process is permitted per user; in daemon mode, fetchmail sets up a per-user lockfile to guarantee
this. (You can however cheat and set the FETCHMAILHOME environment variable to overcome this setting, but in
that case, it is your responsibility to make sure you aren't polling the same server with two processes at the
same time.)
Awakening the background daemon
Normally, calling fetchmail with a daemon in the background sends a wake-up signal to the daemon and quits with-
out output. The background daemon then starts its next poll cycle immediately. The wake-up signal, SIGUSR1, can
also be sent manually. The wake-up action also clears any authentication or multiple timeouts.
Terminating the background daemon
The option --quit will kill a running daemon process instead of waking it up (if there is no such process, fetch-
mail will notify you. If the --quit option appears last on the command line, fetchmail will kill the running
daemon process and then quit. Otherwise, fetchmail will first kill a running daemon process and then continue
running with the other options.
Useful options for daemon mode
The -L <filename> or --logfile <filename> option (keyword: set logfile) is only effective when fetchmail is
detached. This option allows you to redirect status messages into a specified logfile (follow the option with the
logfile name). The logfile is opened for append, so previous messages aren't deleted. This is primarily useful
for debugging configurations.
The --syslog option (keyword: set syslog) allows you to redirect status and error messages emitted to the sys-
log(3) system daemon if available. Messages are logged with an id of fetchmail, the facility LOG_MAIL, and pri-
orities LOG_ERR, LOG_ALERT or LOG_INFO. This option is intended for logging status and error messages which
indicate the status of the daemon and the results while fetching mail from the server(s). Error messages for
command line options and parsing the .fetchmailrc file are still written to stderr, or to the specified log file.
The --nosyslog option turns off use of syslog(3), assuming it's turned on in the ~/.fetchmailrc file, or that the
-L or --logfile <file> option was used.
The -N or --nodetach option suppresses backgrounding and detachment of the daemon process from its control termi-
nal. This is useful for debugging or when fetchmail runs as the child of a supervisor process such as init(8) or
Gerrit Pape's runit. Note that this also causes the logfile option to be ignored (though perhaps it shouldn't).
Note that while running in daemon mode polling a POP2 or IMAP2bis server, transient errors (such as DNS failures
or sendmail delivery refusals) may force the fetchall option on for the duration of the next polling cycle. This
is a robustness feature. It means that if a message is fetched (and thus marked seen by the mailserver) but not
delivered locally due to some transient error, it will be re-fetched during the next poll cycle. (The IMAP logic
doesn't delete messages until they're delivered, so this problem does not arise.)
If you touch or change the ~/.fetchmailrc file while fetchmail is running in daemon mode, this will be detected
at the beginning of the next poll cycle. When a changed ~/.fetchmailrc is detected, fetchmail rereads it and
restarts from scratch (using exec(2); no state information is retained in the new instance). Note also that if
you break the ~/.fetchmailrc file's syntax, the new instance will softly and silently vanish away on startup.
ADMINISTRATIVE OPTIONS
The --postmaster <name> option (keyword: set postmaster) specifies the last-resort username to which multidrop
mail is to be forwarded if no matching local recipient can be found. It is also used as destination of undeliver-
able mail if the 'bouncemail' global option is off and additionally for spam-blocked mail if the 'bouncemail'
global option is off and the 'spambounce' global option is on. This option defaults to the user who invoked
fetchmail. If the invoking user is root, then the default of this option is the user 'postmaster'. Setting
postmaster to the empty string causes such mail as described above to be discarded - this however is usually a
bad idea. See also the description of the 'FETCHMAILUSER' environment variable in the ENVIRONMENT section below.
The --nobounce behaves like the "set no bouncemail" global option, which see.
The --invisible option (keyword: set invisible) tries to make fetchmail invisible. Normally, fetchmail behaves
like any other MTA would -- it generates a Received header into each message describing its place in the chain of
transmission, and tells the MTA it forwards to that the mail came from the machine fetchmail itself is running
on. If the invisible option is on, the Received header is suppressed and fetchmail tries to spoof the MTA it
forwards to into thinking it came directly from the mailserver host.
The --showdots option (keyword: set showdots) forces fetchmail to show progress dots even if the current tty is
not stdout (for example logfiles). Fetchmail shows the dots by default when run in nodetach mode or when daemon
mode is not enabled.
By specifying the --tracepolls option, you can ask fetchmail to add information to the Received header on the
form "polling {label} account {user}", where {label} is the account label (from the specified rcfile, normally
~/.fetchmailrc) and {user} is the username which is used to log on to the mail server. This header can be used to
make filtering email where no useful header information is available and you want mail from different accounts
sorted into different mailboxes (this could, for example, occur if you have an account on the same server running
a mailing list, and are subscribed to the list using that account). The default is not adding any such header.
In .fetchmailrc, this is called 'tracepolls'.
RETRIEVAL FAILURE MODES
The protocols fetchmail uses to talk to mailservers are next to bulletproof. In normal operation forwarding to
port 25, no message is ever deleted (or even marked for deletion) on the host until the SMTP listener on the
client side has acknowledged to fetchmail that the message has been either accepted for delivery or rejected due
to a spam block.
When forwarding to an MDA, however, there is more possibility of error. Some MDAs are 'safe' and reliably return
a nonzero status on any delivery error, even one due to temporary resource limits. The maildrop(1) program is
like this; so are most programs designed as mail transport agents, such as sendmail(1), including the sendmail
wrapper of Postfix and exim(1). These programs give back a reliable positive acknowledgement and can be used
with the mda option with no risk of mail loss. Unsafe MDAs, though, may return 0 even on delivery failure. If
this happens, you will lose mail.
The normal mode of fetchmail is to try to download only 'new' messages, leaving untouched (and undeleted) mes-
sages you have already read directly on the server (or fetched with a previous fetchmail --keep). But you may
find that messages you've already read on the server are being fetched (and deleted) even when you don't specify
--all. There are several reasons this can happen.
One could be that you're using POP2. The POP2 protocol includes no representation of 'new' or 'old' state in
messages, so fetchmail must treat all messages as new all the time. But POP2 is obsolete, so this is unlikely.
A potential POP3 problem might be servers that insert messages in the middle of mailboxes (some VMS implementa-
tions of mail are rumored to do this). The fetchmail code assumes that new messages are appended to the end of
the mailbox; when this is not true it may treat some old messages as new and vice versa. Using UIDL whilst set-
ting fastuidl 0 might fix this, otherwise, consider switching to IMAP.
Yet another POP3 problem is that if they can't make tempfiles in the user's home directory, some POP3 servers
will hand back an undocumented response that causes fetchmail to spuriously report "No mail".
The IMAP code uses the presence or absence of the server flag \Seen to decide whether or not a message is new.
This isn't the right thing to do, fetchmail should check the UIDVALIDITY and use UID, but it doesn't do that yet.
Under Unix, it counts on your IMAP server to notice the BSD-style Status flags set by mail user agents and set
the \Seen flag from them when appropriate. All Unix IMAP servers we know of do this, though it's not specified
by the IMAP RFCs. If you ever trip over a server that doesn't, the symptom will be that messages you have
already read on your host will look new to the server. In this (unlikely) case, only messages you fetched with
fetchmail --keep will be both undeleted and marked old.
In ETRN and ODMR modes, fetchmail does not actually retrieve messages; instead, it asks the server's SMTP lis-
tener to start a queue flush to the client via SMTP. Therefore it sends only undelivered messages.
SPAM FILTERING
Many SMTP listeners allow administrators to set up 'spam filters' that block unsolicited email from specified
domains. A MAIL FROM or DATA line that triggers this feature will elicit an SMTP response which (unfortunately)
varies according to the listener.
Newer versions of sendmail return an error code of 571.
According to RFC2821, the correct thing to return in this situation is 550 "Requested action not taken: mailbox
unavailable" (the draft adds "[E.g., mailbox not found, no access, or command rejected for policy reasons].").
Older versions of the exim MTA return 501 "Syntax error in parameters or arguments".
The postfix MTA runs 554 as an antispam response.
Zmailer may reject code with a 500 response (followed by an enhanced status code that contains more information).
Return codes which fetchmail treats as antispam responses and discards the message can be set with the 'antispam'
option. This is one of the only three circumstance under which fetchmail ever discards mail (the others are the
552 and 553 errors described below, and the suppression of multidropped messages with a message-ID already seen).
If fetchmail is fetching from an IMAP server, the antispam response will be detected and the message rejected
immediately after the headers have been fetched, without reading the message body. Thus, you won't pay for down-
loading spam message bodies.
By default, the list of antispam responses is empty.
If the spambounce global option is on, mail that is spam-blocked triggers an RFC1892/RFC1894 bounce message
informing the originator that we do not accept mail from it. See also BUGS.
SMTP/ESMTP ERROR HANDLING
Besides the spam-blocking described above, fetchmail takes special actions on the following SMTP/ESMTP error
responses
452 (insufficient system storage)
Leave the message in the server mailbox for later retrieval.
552 (message exceeds fixed maximum message size)
Delete the message from the server. Send bounce-mail to the originator.
553 (invalid sending domain)
Delete the message from the server. Don't even try to send bounce-mail to the originator.
Other errors trigger bounce mail back to the originator. See also BUGS.
THE RUN CONTROL FILE
The preferred way to set up fetchmail is to write a .fetchmailrc file in your home directory (you may do this
directly, with a text editor, or indirectly via fetchmailconf). When there is a conflict between the command-
line arguments and the arguments in this file, the command-line arguments take precedence.
To protect the security of your passwords, your ~/.fetchmailrc may not normally have more than 0600 (u=rw,g=,o=)
permissions; fetchmail will complain and exit otherwise (this check is suppressed when --version is on).
You may read the .fetchmailrc file as a list of commands to be executed when fetchmail is called with no argu-
ments.
Run Control Syntax
Comments begin with a '#' and extend through the end of the line. Otherwise the file consists of a series of
server entries or global option statements in a free-format, token-oriented syntax.
There are four kinds of tokens: grammar keywords, numbers (i.e. decimal digit sequences), unquoted strings, and
quoted strings. A quoted string is bounded by double quotes and may contain whitespace (and quoted digits are
treated as a string). Note that quoted strings will also contain line feed characters if they run across two or
more lines, unless you use a backslash to join lines (see below). An unquoted string is any whitespace-delimited
token that is neither numeric, string quoted nor contains the special characters ',', ';', ':', or '='.
Any amount of whitespace separates tokens in server entries, but is otherwise ignored. You may use backslash
escape sequences (\n for LF, \t for HT, \b for BS, \r for CR, \nnn for decimal (where nnn cannot start with a 0),
\0ooo for octal, and \xhh for hex) to embed non-printable characters or string delimiters in strings. In quoted
strings, a backslash at the very end of a line will cause the backslash itself and the line feed (LF or NL, new
line) character to be ignored, so that you can wrap long strings. Without the backslash at the line end, the line
feed character would become part of the string.
Warning: while these resemble C-style escape sequences, they are not the same. fetchmail only supports these
eight styles. C supports more escape sequences that consist of backslash (\) and a single character, but does not
support decimal codes and does not require the leading 0 in octal notation. Example: fetchmail interprets \233
the same as \xE9 (Latin small letter e with acute), where C would interpret \233 as octal 0233 = \x9B (CSI, con-
trol sequence introducer).
Each server entry consists of one of the keywords 'poll' or 'skip', followed by a server name, followed by server
options, followed by any number of user descriptions. Note: the most common cause of syntax errors is mixing up
user and server options.
For backward compatibility, the word 'server' is a synonym for 'poll'.
You can use the noise keywords 'and', 'with', 'has', 'wants', and 'options' anywhere in an entry to make it
resemble English. They're ignored, but but can make entries much easier to read at a glance. The punctuation
characters ':', ';' and ',' are also ignored.
Poll vs. Skip
The 'poll' verb tells fetchmail to query this host when it is run with no arguments. The 'skip' verb tells
fetchmail not to poll this host unless it is explicitly named on the command line. (The 'skip' verb allows you
to experiment with test entries safely, or easily disable entries for hosts that are temporarily down.)
Keyword/Option Summary
Here are the legal options. Keyword suffixes enclosed in square brackets are optional. Those corresponding to
short command-line options are followed by '-' and the appropriate option letter. If option is only relevant to
a single mode of operation, it is noted as 's' or 'm' for singledrop- or multidrop-mode, respectively.
Here are the legal global options:
l l l lw34. Keyword Opt Mode Function _ set daemon -d T{ Set a background poll interval in sec-
onds. T} set postmaster T{ Give the name of the last-resort mail recipient (default: user running
fetchmail, "postmaster" if run by the root user) T} set bouncemail T{ Direct error mail to the
sender (default) T} set no bouncemail T{ Direct error mail to the local postmaster (as per the 'post-
master' global option above). T} set no spambounce T{ Do not bounce spam-blocked mail (default). T}
set spambounce T{ Bounce blocked spam-blocked mail (as per the 'antispam' user option) back to
the destination as indicated by the 'bouncemail' global option. Warning: Do not use this to bounce spam back to
the sender - most spam is sent with false sender address and thus this option hurts innocent bystanders. T} set
logfile -L T{ Name of a file to append error and status messages to. T} set idfile -i T{
Name of the file to store UID lists in. T} set syslog T{ Do error logging through syslog(3). T}
set no syslog T{ Turn off error logging through syslog(3). (default) T} set properties
T{ String value that is ignored by fetchmail (may be used by extension scripts). T}
Here are the legal server options:
l l l lw34. Keyword Opt Mode Function _ via T{ Specify DNS name of mailserver, overriding
poll name T} proto[col] -p T{ Specify protocol (case insensitive): POP2, POP3, IMAP, APOP, KPOP T}
local[domains] m T{ Specify domain(s) to be regarded as local T} port T{ Specify TCP/IP
service port (obsolete, use 'service' instead). T} service -P T{ Specify service name (a numeric value
is also allowed and considered a TCP/IP port number). T} auth[enticate] T{ Set authentication type
(default 'any') T} timeout -t T{ Server inactivity timeout in seconds (default 300) T} enve-
lope -E m T{ Specify envelope-address header name T} no envelope m T{ Disable looking for enve-
lope address T} qvirtual -Q m T{ Qmail virtual domain prefix to remove from user name T} aka
m T{ Specify alternate DNS names of mailserver T} interface -I T{ specify IP interface(s) that
must be up for server poll to take place T} monitor -M T{ Specify IP address to monitor for activ-
ity T} plugin T{ Specify command through which to make server connections. T} plugout
T{ Specify command through which to make listener connections. T} dns m T{ Enable
DNS lookup for multidrop (default) T} no dns m T{ Disable DNS lookup for multidrop T} check-
alias m T{ Do comparison by IP address for multidrop T} no checkalias m T{ Do comparison by
name for multidrop (default) T} uidl -U T{ Force POP3 to use client-side UIDLs (recommended) T} no
uidl T{ Turn off POP3 use of client-side UIDLs (default) T} interval T{ Only check
this site every N poll cycles; N is a numeric argument. T} tracepolls T{ Add poll tracing
information to the Received header T} principal T{ Set Kerberos principal (only useful with IMAP
and kerberos) T} esmtpname T{ Set name for RFC2554 authentication to the ESMTP server. T} esmtp-
password T{ Set password for RFC2554 authentication to the ESMTP server. T}
Here are the legal user options:
l l l lw34. Keyword Opt Mode Function _ user[name] -u T{ Set remote user name (local user name if
name followed by 'here') T} is T{ Connect local and remote user names T} to T{
Connect local and remote user names T} pass[word] T{ Specify remote account password T} ssl
T{ Connect to server over the specified base protocol using SSL encryption T} sslcert T{
Specify file for client side public SSL certificate T} sslkey T{ Specify file for client side pri-
vate SSL key T} sslproto T{ Force ssl protocol for connection T} folder -r T{ Specify remote
folder to query T} smtphost -S T{ Specify smtp host(s) to forward to T} fetchdomains m T{ Spec-
ify domains for which mail should be fetched T} smtpaddress -D T{ Specify the domain to be put in RCPT
TO lines T} smtpname T{ Specify the user and domain to be put in RCPT TO lines T} anti-
spam -Z T{ Specify what SMTP returns are interpreted as spam-policy blocks T} mda -m T{
Specify MDA for local delivery T} bsmtp -o T{ Specify BSMTP batch file to append to T} precon-
nect T{ Command to be executed before each connection T} postconnect T{ Command to be
executed after each connection T} keep -k T{ Don't delete seen messages from server (for POP3, uidl
is recommended) T} flush -F T{ Flush all seen messages before querying (DANGEROUS) T} limitflush
T{ Flush all oversized messages before querying T} fetchall -a T{ Fetch all messages whether
seen or not T} rewrite T{ Rewrite destination addresses for reply (default) T} stripcr
T{ Strip carriage returns from ends of lines T} forcecr T{ Force carriage returns at ends
of lines T} pass8bits T{ Force BODY=8BITMIME to ESMTP listener T} dropstatus T{ Strip
Status and X-Mozilla-Status lines out of incoming mail T} dropdelivered T{ Strip Delivered-To lines
out of incoming mail T} mimedecode T{ Convert quoted-printable to 8-bit in MIME messages T} idle
T{ Idle waiting for new messages after each poll (IMAP only) T} no keep -K T{ Delete seen
messages from server (default) T} no flush T{ Don't flush all seen messages before querying (default)
T} no fetchall T{ Retrieve only new messages (default) T} no rewrite T{ Don't rewrite
headers T} no stripcr T{ Don't strip carriage returns (default) T} no forcecr T{
Don't force carriage returns at EOL (default) T} no pass8bits T{ Don't force BODY=8BITMIME to ESMTP
listener (default) T} no dropstatus T{ Don't drop Status headers (default) T} no dropdeliv-
ered T{ Don't drop Delivered-To headers (default) T} no mimedecode T{ Don't convert
quoted-printable to 8-bit in MIME messages (default) T} no idle T{ Don't idle waiting for new
messages after each poll (IMAP only) T} limit -l T{ Set message size limit T} warnings
-w T{ Set message size warning interval T} batchlimit -b T{ Max # messages to forward in
single connect T} fetchlimit -B T{ Max # messages to fetch in single connect T} fetchsize-
limit T{ Max # message sizes to fetch in single transaction T} fastuidl T{ Use binary search
for first unseen message (POP3 only) T} expunge -e T{ Perform an expunge on every #th message (IMAP and
POP3 only) T} properties T{ String value is ignored by fetchmail (may be used by extension scripts)
T}
Remember that all user options must follow all server options.
In the .fetchmailrc file, the 'envelope' string argument may be preceded by a whitespace-separated number. This
number, if specified, is the number of such headers to skip over (that is, an argument of 1 selects the second
header of the given type). This is sometime useful for ignoring bogus envelope headers created by an ISP's local
delivery agent or internal forwards (through mail inspection systems, for instance).
Keywords Not Corresponding To Option Switches
The 'folder' and 'smtphost' options (unlike their command-line equivalents) can take a space- or comma-separated
list of names following them.
All options correspond to the obvious command-line arguments, except the following: 'via', 'interval', 'aka',
'is', 'to', 'dns'/'no dns', 'checkalias'/'no checkalias', 'password', 'preconnect', 'postconnect', 'localdo-
mains', 'stripcr'/'no stripcr', 'forcecr'/'no forcecr', 'pass8bits'/'no pass8bits' 'dropstatus/no dropstatus',
'dropdelivered/no dropdelivered', 'mimedecode/no mimedecode', 'no idle', and 'no envelope'.
The 'via' option is for if you want to have more than one configuration pointing at the same site. If it is
present, the string argument will be taken as the actual DNS name of the mailserver host to query. This will
override the argument of poll, which can then simply be a distinct label for the configuration (e.g. what you
would give on the command line to explicitly query this host).
The 'interval' option (which takes a numeric argument) allows you to poll a server less frequently than the basic
poll interval. If you say 'interval N' the server this option is attached to will only be queried every N poll
intervals.
Singledrop vs. Multidrop options
The 'is' or 'to' keywords associate the following local (client) name(s) (or server-name to client-name mappings
separated by =) with the mailserver user name in the entry. If an is/to list has '*' as its last name, unrecog-
nized names are simply passed through. Note that until fetchmail version 6.3.4 inclusively, these lists could
only contain local parts of user names (fetchmail would only look at the part before the @ sign). fetchmail ver-
sions 6.3.5 and newer support full addresses on the left hand side of these mappings, and they take precedence
over any 'localdomains', 'aka', 'via' or similar mappings.
A single local name can be used to support redirecting your mail when your username on the client machine is dif-
ferent from your name on the mailserver. When there is only a single local name, mail is forwarded to that local
username regardless of the message's Received, To, Cc, and Bcc headers. In this case, fetchmail never does DNS
lookups.
When there is more than one local name (or name mapping), fetchmail looks at the envelope header, if configured,
and otherwise at the Received, To, Cc, and Bcc headers of retrieved mail (this is 'multidrop mode'). It looks
for addresses with hostname parts that match your poll name or your 'via', 'aka' or 'localdomains' options, and
usually also for hostname parts which DNS tells it are aliases of the mailserver. See the discussion of 'dns',
'checkalias', 'localdomains', and 'aka' for details on how matching addresses are handled.
If fetchmail cannot match any mailserver usernames or localdomain addresses, the mail will be bounced. Normally
it will be bounced to the sender, but if the 'bouncemail' global option is off, the mail will go to the local
postmaster instead. (see the 'postmaster' global option). See also BUGS.
The 'dns' option (normally on) controls the way addresses from multidrop mailboxes are checked. On, it enables
logic to check each host address that does not match an 'aka' or 'localdomains' declaration by looking it up with
DNS. When a mailserver username is recognized attached to a matching hostname part, its local mapping is added
to the list of local recipients.
The 'checkalias' option (normally off) extends the lookups performed by the 'dns' keyword in multidrop mode, pro-
viding a way to cope with remote MTAs that identify themselves using their canonical name, while they're polled
using an alias. When such a server is polled, checks to extract the envelope address fail, and fetchmail reverts
to delivery using the To/Cc/Bcc headers (See below 'Header vs. Envelope addresses'). Specifying this option
instructs fetchmail to retrieve all the IP addresses associated with both the poll name and the name used by the
remote MTA and to do a comparison of the IP addresses. This comes in handy in situations where the remote server
undergoes frequent canonical name changes, that would otherwise require modifications to the rcfile. 'check-
alias' has no effect if 'no dns' is specified in the rcfile.
The 'aka' option is for use with multidrop mailboxes. It allows you to pre-declare a list of DNS aliases for a
server. This is an optimization hack that allows you to trade space for speed. When fetchmail, while processing
a multidrop mailbox, grovels through message headers looking for names of the mailserver, pre-declaring common
ones can save it from having to do DNS lookups. Note: the names you give as arguments to 'aka' are matched as
suffixes -- if you specify (say) 'aka netaxs.com', this will match not just a hostname netaxs.com, but any host-
name that ends with '.netaxs.com'; such as (say) pop3.netaxs.com and mail.netaxs.com.
The 'localdomains' option allows you to declare a list of domains which fetchmail should consider local. When
fetchmail is parsing address lines in multidrop modes, and a trailing segment of a host name matches a declared
local domain, that address is passed through to the listener or MDA unaltered (local-name mappings are not
applied).
If you are using 'localdomains', you may also need to specify 'no envelope', which disables fetchmail's normal
attempt to deduce an envelope address from the Received line or X-Envelope-To header or whatever header has been
previously set by 'envelope'. If you set 'no envelope' in the defaults entry it is possible to undo that in
individual entries by using 'envelope <string>'. As a special case, 'envelope "Received"' restores the default
parsing of Received lines.
The password option requires a string argument, which is the password to be used with the entry's server.
The 'preconnect' keyword allows you to specify a shell command to be executed just before each time fetchmail
establishes a mailserver connection. This may be useful if you are attempting to set up secure POP connections
with the aid of ssh(1). If the command returns a nonzero status, the poll of that mailserver will be aborted.
Similarly, the 'postconnect' keyword similarly allows you to specify a shell command to be executed just after
each time a mailserver connection is taken down.
The 'forcecr' option controls whether lines terminated by LF only are given CRLF termination before forwarding.
Strictly speaking RFC821 requires this, but few MTAs enforce the requirement it so this option is normally off
(only one such MTA, qmail, is in significant use at time of writing).
The 'stripcr' option controls whether carriage returns are stripped out of retrieved mail before it is forwarded.
It is normally not necessary to set this, because it defaults to 'on' (CR stripping enabled) when there is an MDA
declared but 'off' (CR stripping disabled) when forwarding is via SMTP. If 'stripcr' and 'forcecr' are both on,
'stripcr' will override.
The 'pass8bits' option exists to cope with Microsoft mail programs that stupidly slap a "Content-Transfer-Encod-
ing: 7bit" on everything. With this option off (the default) and such a header present, fetchmail declares
BODY=7BIT to an ESMTP-capable listener; this causes problems for messages actually using 8-bit ISO or KOI-8 char-
acter sets, which will be garbled by having the high bits of all characters stripped. If 'pass8bits' is on,
fetchmail is forced to declare BODY=8BITMIME to any ESMTP-capable listener. If the listener is 8-bit-clean (as
all the major ones now are) the right thing will probably result.
The 'dropstatus' option controls whether nonempty Status and X-Mozilla-Status lines are retained in fetched mail
(the default) or discarded. Retaining them allows your MUA to see what messages (if any) were marked seen on the
server. On the other hand, it can confuse some new-mail notifiers, which assume that anything with a Status line
in it has been seen. (Note: the empty Status lines inserted by some buggy POP servers are unconditionally dis-
carded.)
The 'dropdelivered' option controls whether Delivered-To headers will be kept in fetched mail (the default) or
discarded. These headers are added by Qmail and Postfix mailservers in order to avoid mail loops but may get in
your way if you try to "mirror" a mailserver within the same domain. Use with caution.
The 'mimedecode' option controls whether MIME messages using the quoted-printable encoding are automatically con-
verted into pure 8-bit data. If you are delivering mail to an ESMTP-capable, 8-bit-clean listener (that includes
all of the major MTAs like sendmail), then this will automatically convert quoted-printable message headers and
data into 8-bit data, making it easier to understand when reading mail. If your e-mail programs know how to deal
with MIME messages, then this option is not needed. The mimedecode option is off by default, because doing
RFC2047 conversion on headers throws away character-set information and can lead to bad results if the encoding
of the headers differs from the body encoding.
The 'idle' option is intended to be used with IMAP servers supporting the RFC2177 IDLE command extension, but
does not strictly require it. If it is enabled, and fetchmail detects that IDLE is supported, an IDLE will be
issued at the end of each poll. This will tell the IMAP server to hold the connection open and notify the client
when new mail is available. If IDLE is not supported, fetchmail will simulate it by periodically issuing NOOP.
If you need to poll a link frequently, IDLE can save bandwidth by eliminating TCP/IP connects and LOGIN/LOGOUT
sequences. On the other hand, an IDLE connection will eat almost all of your fetchmail's time, because it will
never drop the connection and allow other polls to occur unless the server times out the IDLE. It also doesn't
work with multiple folders; only the first folder will ever be polled.
The 'properties' option is an extension mechanism. It takes a string argument, which is ignored by fetchmail
itself. The string argument may be used to store configuration information for scripts which require it. In
particular, the output of '--configdump' option will make properties associated with a user entry readily avail-
able to a Python script.
Miscellaneous Run Control Options
The words 'here' and 'there' have useful English-like significance. Normally 'user eric is esr' would mean that
mail for the remote user 'eric' is to be delivered to 'esr', but you can make this clearer by saying 'user eric
there is esr here', or reverse it by saying 'user esr here is eric there'
Legal protocol identifiers for use with the 'protocol' keyword are:
auto (or AUTO) (legacy, to be removed from future release)
pop2 (or POP2) (legacy, to be removed from future release)
pop3 (or POP3)
sdps (or SDPS)
imap (or IMAP)
apop (or APOP)
kpop (or KPOP)
Legal authentication types are 'any', 'password', 'kerberos', 'kerberos_v4', 'kerberos_v5' and 'gssapi',
'cram-md5', 'otp', 'msn' (only for POP3), 'ntlm', 'ssh', 'external' (only IMAP). The 'password' type specifies
authentication by normal transmission of a password (the password may be plain text or subject to protocol-
specific encryption as in APOP); 'kerberos' tells fetchmail to try to get a Kerberos ticket at the start of each
query instead, and send an arbitrary string as the password; and 'gssapi' tells fetchmail to use GSSAPI authenti-
cation. See the description of the 'auth' keyword for more.
Specifying 'kpop' sets POP3 protocol over port 1109 with Kerberos V4 authentication. These defaults may be over-
ridden by later options.
There are some global option statements: 'set logfile' followed by a string sets the same global specified by
--logfile. A command-line --logfile option will override this. Note that --logfile is only effective if fetch-
mail detaches itself from the terminal. Also, 'set daemon' sets the poll interval as --daemon does. This can be
overridden by a command-line --daemon option; in particular --daemon 0 can be used to force foreground operation.
The 'set postmaster' statement sets the address to which multidrop mail defaults if there are no local matches.
Finally, 'set syslog' sends log messages to syslogd(8).
DEBUGGING FETCHMAIL
Fetchmail crashing
There are various ways in that fetchmail may "crash", i. e. stop operation suddenly and unexpectedly. A "crash"
usually refers to an error condition that the software did not handle by itself. A well-known failure mode is the
"segmentation fault" or "signal 11" or "SIGSEGV" or just "segfault" for short. These can be caused by hardware or
by software problems. Software-induced segfaults can usually be reproduced easily and in the same place, whereas
hardware-induced segfaults can go away if the computer is rebooted, or powered off for a few hours, and can hap-
pen in random locations even if you use the software the same way.
For solving hardware-induced segfaults, find the faulty component and repair or replace it. <http://www.bitwiz-
ard.nl/sig11/> may help you with details.
For solving software-induced segfaults, the developers may need a "stack backtrace".
Enabling fetchmail core dumps
By default, fetchmail suppresses core dumps as these might contain passwords and other sensitive information. For
debugging fetchmail crashes, obtaining a "stack backtrace" from a core dump is often the quickest way to solve
the problem, and when posting your problem on a mailing list, the developers may ask you for a "backtrace".
1. To get useful backtraces, fetchmail needs to be installed without getting stripped of its compilation symbols.
Unfortunately, most binary packages that are installed are stripped, and core files from symbol-stripped programs
are worthless. So you may need to recompile fetchmail. On many systems, you can type
file `which fetchmail`
to find out if fetchmail was symbol-stripped or not. If yours was unstripped, fine, proceed, if it was stripped,
you need to recompile the source code first. You do not usually need to install fetchmail in order to debug it.
2. The shell environment that starts fetchmail needs to enable core dumps. The key is the "maximum core (file)
size" that can usually be configured with a tool named "limit" or "ulimit". See the documentation for your shell
for details. In the popular bash shell, "ulimit -Sc unlimited" will allow the core dump.
3. You need to tell fetchmail, too, to allow core dumps. To do this, run fetchmail with the -d0 -v options. It
is often easier to also add --nosyslog -N as well.
Finally, you need to reproduce the crash. You can just start fetchmail from the directory where you compiled it
by typing ./fetchmail, so the complete command line will start with ./fetchmail -Nvd0 --nosyslog and perhaps list
your other options.
After the crash, run your debugger to obtain the core dump. The debugger will often be GNU GDB, you can then
type (adjust paths as necessary) gdb ./fetchmail fetchmail.core and then, after GDB has started up and read all
its files, type backtrace full, save the output (copy & paste will do, the backtrace will be read by a human) and
then type quit to leave gdb. Note: on some systems, the core files have different names, they might contain a
number instead of the program name, or number and name, but it will usually have "core" as part of their name.
INTERACTION WITH RFC 822
When trying to determine the originating address of a message, fetchmail looks through headers in the following
order:
Return-Path:
Resent-Sender: (ignored if it doesn't contain an @ or !)
Sender: (ignored if it doesn't contain an @ or !)
Resent-From:
From:
Reply-To:
Apparently-From:
The originating address is used for logging, and to set the MAIL FROM address when forwarding to SMTP. This
order is intended to cope gracefully with receiving mailing list messages in multidrop mode. The intent is that
if a local address doesn't exist, the bounce message won't be returned blindly to the author or to the list
itself, but rather to the list manager (which is less annoying).
In multidrop mode, destination headers are processed as follows: First, fetchmail looks for the Received: header
(or whichever one is specified by the 'envelope' option) to determine the local recipient address. If the mail is
addressed to more than one recipient, the Received line won't contain any information regarding recipient
addresses.
Then fetchmail looks for the Resent-To:, Resent-Cc:, and Resent-Bcc: lines. If they exist, they should contain
the final recipients and have precedence over their To:/Cc:/Bcc: counterparts. If the Resent-* lines don't
exist, the To:, Cc:, Bcc: and Apparently-To: lines are looked for. (The presence of a Resent-To: is taken to
imply that the person referred by the To: address has already received the original copy of the mail.)
CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES
Note that although there are password declarations in a good many of the examples below, this is mainly for
illustrative purposes. We recommend stashing account/password pairs in your $HOME/.netrc file, where they can be
used not just by fetchmail but by ftp(1) and other programs.
Basic format is:
poll SERVERNAME protocol PROTOCOL username NAME password PASSWORD
Example:
poll pop.provider.net protocol pop3 username "jsmith" password "secret1"
Or, using some abbreviations:
poll pop.provider.net proto pop3 user "jsmith" password "secret1"
Multiple servers may be listed:
poll pop.provider.net proto pop3 user "jsmith" pass "secret1"
poll other.provider.net proto pop2 user "John.Smith" pass "My^Hat"
Here's a version of those two with more whitespace and some noise words:
poll pop.provider.net proto pop3
user "jsmith", with password secret1, is "jsmith" here;
poll other.provider.net proto pop2:
user "John.Smith", with password "My^Hat", is "John.Smith" here;
This version is much easier to read and doesn't cost significantly more (parsing is done only once, at startup
time).
If you need to include whitespace in a parameter string, enclose the string in double quotes. Thus:
poll mail.provider.net with proto pop3:
user "jsmith" there has password "u can't krak this"
is jws here and wants mda "/bin/mail"
You may have an initial server description headed by the keyword 'defaults' instead of 'poll' followed by a name.
Such a record is interpreted as defaults for all queries to use. It may be overwritten by individual server
descriptions. So, you could write:
defaults proto pop3
user "jsmith"
poll pop.provider.net
pass "secret1"
poll mail.provider.net
user "jjsmith" there has password "secret2"
It's possible to specify more than one user per server (this is only likely to be useful when running fetchmail
in daemon mode as root). The 'user' keyword leads off a user description, and every user specification in a
multi-user entry must include it. Here's an example:
poll pop.provider.net proto pop3 port 3111
user "jsmith" with pass "secret1" is "smith" here
user jones with pass "secret2" is "jjones" here keep
This associates the local username 'smith' with the pop.provider.net username 'jsmith' and the local username
'jjones' with the pop.provider.net username 'jones'. Mail for 'jones' is kept on the server after download.
Here's what a simple retrieval configuration for a multidrop mailbox looks like:
poll pop.provider.net:
user maildrop with pass secret1 to golux 'hurkle'='happy' snark here
This says that the mailbox of account 'maildrop' on the server is a multidrop box, and that messages in it should
be parsed for the server user names 'golux', 'hurkle', and 'snark'. It further specifies that 'golux' and
'snark' have the same name on the client as on the server, but mail for server user 'hurkle' should be delivered
to client user 'happy'.
Note that fetchmail, until version 6.3.4, did NOT allow full user@domain specifications here, these would never
match. Fetchmail 6.3.5 and newer support user@domain specifications on the left-hand side of a user mapping.
Here's an example of another kind of multidrop connection:
poll pop.provider.net localdomains loonytoons.org toons.org:
user maildrop with pass secret1 to * here
This also says that the mailbox of account 'maildrop' on the server is a multidrop box. It tells fetchmail that
any address in the loonytoons.org or toons.org domains (including sub-domain addresses like 'joe@daffy.loony-
toons.org') should be passed through to the local SMTP listener without modification. Be careful of mail loops
if you do this!
Here's an example configuration using ssh and the plugin option. The queries are made directly on the stdin and
stdout of imapd via ssh. Note that in this setup, IMAP authentication can be skipped.
poll mailhost.net with proto imap:
plugin "ssh %h /usr/sbin/imapd" auth ssh;
user esr is esr here
THE USE AND ABUSE OF MULTIDROP MAILBOXES
Use the multiple-local-recipients feature with caution -- it can bite. All multidrop features are ineffective in
ETRN and ODMR modes.
Also, note that in multidrop mode duplicate mails are suppressed. A piece of mail is considered duplicate if it
has the same message-ID as the message immediately preceding and more than one addressee. Such runs of messages
may be generated when copies of a message addressed to multiple users are delivered to a multidrop box.
Header vs. Envelope addresses
The fundamental problem is that by having your mailserver toss several peoples' mail in a single maildrop box,
you may have thrown away potentially vital information about who each piece of mail was actually addressed to
(the 'envelope address', as opposed to the header addresses in the RFC822 To/Cc headers - the Bcc is not avail-
able at the receiving end). This 'envelope address' is the address you need in order to reroute mail properly.
Sometimes fetchmail can deduce the envelope address. If the mailserver MTA is sendmail and the item of mail had
just one recipient, the MTA will have written a 'by/for' clause that gives the envelope addressee into its
Received header. But this doesn't work reliably for other MTAs, nor if there is more than one recipient. By
default, fetchmail looks for envelope addresses in these lines; you can restore this default with -E "Received"
or 'envelope Received'.
As a better alternative, some SMTP listeners and/or mail servers insert a header in each message containing a
copy of the envelope addresses. This header (when it exists) is often 'X-Original-To', 'Delivered-To' or
'X-Envelope-To'. Fetchmail's assumption about this can be changed with the -E or 'envelope' option. Note that
writing an envelope header of this kind exposes the names of recipients (including blind-copy recipients) to all
receivers of the messages, so the upstream must store one copy of the message per recipient to avoid becoming a
privacy problem.
Postfix, since version 2.0, writes an X-Original-To: header which contains a copy of the envelope as it was
received.
Qmail and Postfix generally write a 'Delivered-To' header upon delivering the message to the mail spool and use
it to avoid mail loops. Qmail virtual domains however will prefix the user name with a string that normally
matches the user's domain. To remove this prefix you can use the -Q or 'qvirtual' option.
Sometimes, unfortunately, neither of these methods works. That is the point when you should contact your ISP and
ask them to provide such an envelope header, and you should not use multidrop in this situation. When they all
fail, fetchmail must fall back on the contents of To/Cc headers (Bcc headers are not available - see below) to
try to determine recipient addressees -- and these are unreliable. In particular, mailing-list software often
ships mail with only the list broadcast address in the To header.
Note that a future version of fetchmail may remove To/Cc parsing!
When fetchmail cannot deduce a recipient address that is local, and the intended recipient address was anyone
other than fetchmail's invoking user, mail will get lost. This is what makes the multidrop feature risky without
proper envelope information.
A related problem is that when you blind-copy a mail message, the Bcc information is carried only as envelope
address (it's removed from the headers by the sending mail server, so fetchmail can see it only if there is an
X-0elope-To header). Thus, blind-copying to someone who gets mail over a fetchmail multidrop link will fail
unless the the mailserver host routinely writes X-Envelope-To or an equivalent header into messages in your mail-
drop.
In conclusion, mailing lists and Bcc'd mail can only work if the server you're fetching